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This paper investigates a spherical transmitter (TX) with a membrane coveredby heterogeneous receptors of varying sizes and arbitrary locations formolecular communication (MC), where molecules are encapsulated within vesiclesand released from the TX through membrane fusion. Assuming continuous vesiclegeneration at the TX and a transparent receiver (RX), we calculate the moleculerelease rate, the fraction of absorbed molecules at the TX, and the receivedsignal at the RX. All obtained analytical expressions are functions of allreceptors locations and sizes, and are validated by particle-based simulations.Our numerical results indicate that evenly distributed receptors on the TXmembrane can absorb more molecules than randomly distributed receptors or asingle receptor. Furthermore, inspired by the autoreceptor functionality insynaptic communication, we incorporate a negative feedback mechanism (NFM) atthe TX, such that molecule release stops after a certain period. We then derivethe fraction of molecules that can be reused for the subsequent emissions whenconsidering both NFM and molecule harvesting. Our numerical results demonstratethat incorporating NFM can reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) whilemaintaining the same peak received signal as the case without NFM.Additionally, our results show that TXs incorporating both molecule harvestingand NFM can achieve a higher energy efficiency and lower error probability thanTXs employing only molecule harvesting or neither functionality.

Heterogeneous Receptors - Based Molecule Harvesting in MC: Analysis for ISI Mitigation and Energy Efficiency