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Dense suspensions of solid particles in viscous liquid are ubiquitous in bothindustry and nature, and there is a clear need for efficient numerical routinesto simulate their rheology and microstructure. Particles of micron size presenta particular challenge: at low shear rates colloidal interactions control theirdynamics while at high rates granular-like contacts dominate. While there areestablished particle-based simulation schemes for large-scale non-Browniansuspensions using only pairwise lubrication and contact forces, common schemesfor colloidal suspensions generally are more computationally costly and thusrestricted to relatively small system sizes. Here we present a minimalparticle-based numerical model for dense colloidal suspensions whichincorporates Brownian forces in pairwise form alongside contact and lubricationforces. We show that this scheme reproduces key features of dense suspensionrheology near the collodial-to-granular transition, including bothshear-thinning due to entropic forces at low rates and shear thickening at highrate due to contact formation. This scheme is implemented in LAMMPS, awidely-used open source code for parallelized particle-based simulations, witha runtime that scales linearly with the number of particles making it amenablefor large-scale simulations.

Simulating the rheology of dense suspensions using pairwise formulation of contact, lubrication and Brownian forces