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Energy exchange mechanisms have important applications in particle physics,gravity, fluid mechanics, and practically every field in physics. In thisletter we show, both in frequency and time domain, that energy enhancement ispossible for waves scattering off fundamental solitons (time-periodic localizedstructures of bosonic fields), without the need for rotation nor translationalmotion. We use two-dimensional Q-balls as a testbed, providing the correctcriteria for energy amplification, as well as the respective amplificationfactors, and we discuss possible instability mechanisms. Our results lendsupport to the qualitative picture drawn in ( arXiv:2212.03269 [gr-qc] );however we show that this enhancement mechanism is not of superradiant-type,but instead a "blueshift-like" energy exchange between scattering statesinduced by the background Q-ball, which should occur generically for anytime-periodic fundamental soliton. This mechanism does not seem to lead toinstabilities.

On energy extraction from Q-balls and other fundamental solitons