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By exploiting the degree of freedom on the altitude, unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) communication can provide ubiquitous communication for future wirelessnetworks. In the case of concurrent transmission of multiple UAVs, thedirectional beamforming formed by multiple antennas is an effective way toreduce co-channel interference. However, factors such as airflow disturbance orestimation error for UAV communications can cause the occurrence of beammisalignment. In this paper, we investigate the system performance of amulti-tier UAV communication network with the consideration of unstable beamalignment. In particular, we propose a tractable random model to capture theimpacts of beam misalignment in the 3D space. Based on this, by utilizingstochastic geometry, an analytical framework for obtaining the outageprobability in the downlink of a multi-tier UAV communication network for theclosest distance association scheme and the maximum average power associationscheme is established. The accuracy of the analysis is verified by Monte-Carlosimulations. The results indicate that in the presence of random beammisalignment, the optimal number of UAV antennas needs to be adjusted to berelatively larger when the density of UAVs increases or the altitude of UAVsbecomes higher.

Outage Performance of Multi-tier UAV Communication with Random Beam Misalignment