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This article deals with the study of pedestrian behaviour in one-dimensionaltraffic situations. We asked participants to walk either in a straight linewith a fast or slow leader, or to form a circle, without ever forcing theconditions of density. While the observed density results from individualdecisions in the line case, both density and velocity have to be collectivelychosen in the case of circle formation. In the latter case, interestingly, onefinds that the resulting velocity is very stable among realizations, as ifcollective decision was playing the role of an average. In the line experiment,though participants could choose comfortable headways, they rather stick toshort headways requiring a faster adaption - a fact that could come from a``social pressure from behind''. For flows close to the jamming transition, thesame operating point is chosen as in previous experiments where it was notvelocity but density that was imposed. All these results show that the walkingvalues preferred by humans in following tasks depend on more factors thanpreviously considered.

Properties of pedestrians walking in line without density constraint