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Accurate knowledge of the heating performance of magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) under AC fields is critical for the development of hyperthermia-mediatedapplications. Usually reported in terms of the specific loss power (SLP)obtained from the temperature variation ($\Delta{T}$) vs. time (t) curve, suchestimate is subjected to a huge uncertainty. Thus, very different SLP valuesare reported for the same particles when measured on differentequipment/laboratories. This lack of control clearly hampers the furtherdevelopment of MNP-mediated heat-triggered technologies. Here we report adevice-independent approach to calculate the SLP value of a suspension of MNPs:the SLP is obtained from the analysis of the peak at the field on/off switch ofthe $\Delta{T}(t)$ curve. The measurement procedure, which itself constitutes achange of paradigm within the field, is based on fundamental physicsconsiderations: specifically to guarantee the applicability of Newton's law ofcooling, as i) it corresponds to the ideal scenario in which the temperatureprofiles of the system during heating and cooling are the same; and ii) itdiminishes the role of coexistence of various heat dissipation channels. Suchan approach is supported by theoretical and computational calculations toincrease the reliability and reproducibility of SLP determination. This isexperimentally confirmed, demonstrating a reduction in SLP variation across 3different devices located in 3 different laboratories. Furthermore, theapplication of this peak analysis method (PAM) to a rapid succession of fieldon/off switches that result in a zigzag-like $\Delta{T}(t)$, which we term thezigzag protocol, allows evaluating possible variations of the SLP values withtime or temperature.

A device-independent approach to evaluate the heating performance during magnetic hyperthermia experiments: peak analysis and zigzag protocol