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As the integration of renewable energy generation increases and asconventional generation is phased out, there is a gradual decline in the grid'sstrength and resilience at the connection point of wind turbines (WTs).Previous studies have shown that traditional grid-following controlledconverters exhibit deteriorating dynamic characteristics and may result in anunstable system when connected to a weak grid. Due to the limitations of linearanalysis, transient stability investigations are necessary. However, existingmethods, such as standalone time-domain simulations or analytical Lyapunovstability criteria, have drawbacks, including computational intensity orexcessive conservatism. Our prior research proposed an innovative approach toestimate the system boundary - a time-limited region of attraction (TLRoA),using a hybrid linearised Lyapunov function-based method and the time-reversaltechnique to compensate for the known limitations. However, in that work, theaccuracy of the estimated TLRoA was not investigated, i.e. the TLRoA was notcompared against a forward simulated region of attraction, and the sensitivityof the system parameters on the TLRoA was not explored. Moreover, the frameworkdid not consider nonlinear control elements such as PLL saturation. In thispaper, we not only build upon our previous work and propose directions thataddress these gaps but also enhance its effectiveness by introducing optimalsampling to improve further the speed of estimating the TLRoA. Furthermore, thestability boundary is verified using time-domain simulation studies in PSCAD.

An Extended Nonlinear Stability Assessment Methodology For Type-4 Wind Turbines via Time Reversal Trajectory