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One hundred and one atmospheric nuclear weapon tests were conducted between1945 and 1962 in the United States, resulting in widespread dispersion ofradioactive fallout, and leading to environmental contamination and populationexposures. Accurate assessment of the extent of fallout from nuclear weapontests has been challenging in the United States and elsewhere, due to limitedmonitoring and data accessibility. Here we address this deficit by combiningU.S. government data, high-resolution reanalyzed historical weather fields, andatmospheric transport modeling to reconstruct radionuclide deposition acrossthe contiguous United States, with 10-kilometer spatial and one-hour temporalresolution for five days following detonation, from all 94 atmospheric testsdetonated in New Mexico and Nevada with fission yields sufficient to generatemushroom clouds. Our analysis also includes deposition estimates for 10 daysfollowing the detonation of Trinity, the first ever nuclear weapon test, onJuly 16, 1945. We identify locations where radionuclide depositionsignificantly exceeded levels in areas covered by the U.S. Radiation ExposureCompensation Act (RECA). These findings include deposition in all 48 contiguousU.S. states. They provide an opportunity for re-evaluating the public healthand environmental implications from atmospheric nuclear testing. Finally, ourfindings also speak to debates about marking the beginning of the Anthropocenewith nuclear weapons fallout. Our deposition estimates indicate that directfallout from Trinity, a plutonium device, reached Crawford Lake in Canada, theproposed "golden spike" site marking the beginning of the Anthropocene epoch,starting on July 20, 1945.

Fallout from U.S. atmospheric nuclear tests in New Mexico and Nevada (1945-1962)