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As more data-intensive tasks with large footprints are deployed in virtualmachines (VMs), huge pages are widely used to eliminate the increasing addresstranslation overhead. However, once the huge page mapping is established, allthe base page regions in the huge page share a single extended page table (EPT)entry, so that the hypervisor loses awareness of accesses to base page regions.None of the state-of-the-art solutions can obtain access information at basepage granularity for huge pages. We observe that this can lead to incorrectdecisions by the hypervisor, such as incorrect data placement in a tieredmemory system and unshared base page regions when sharing pages.  This paper proposes FHPM, a fine-grained huge page management forvirtualization without hardware and guest OS modification. FHPM can identifyaccess information at base page granularity, and dynamically promote and demotepages. A key insight of FHPM is to redirect the EPT huge page directory entries(PDEs) to new companion pages so that the MMU can track access informationwithin huge pages. Then, FHPM can promote and demote pages according to thecurrent hot page pressure to balance address translation overhead and memoryusage. At the same time, FHPM proposes a VM-friendly page splitting andcollapsing mechanism to avoid extra VM-exits. In combination, FHPM minimizesthe monitoring and management overhead and ensures that the hypervisor getsfine-grained VM memory accesses to make the proper decision. We apply FHPM toimprove tiered memory management (FHPM-TMM) and to promote page sharing(FHPM-Share). FHPM-TMM achieves a performance improvement of up to 33% and 61%over the pure huge page and base page management. FHPM-Share can save 41% morememory than Ingens, a state-of-the-art page sharing solution, with comparableperformance.

FHPM: Fine-grained Huge Page Management For Virtualization