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The nature of two recently discovered radio emitters with unusually longperiods of 18min (GLEAM-X J1627-52) and 21min (GPM J1839-10) is highly debated.Their bright radio emission resembles that of radio magnetars, but their longperiodicities and lack of detection at other wavelengths challenge theneutron-star interpretation. In contrast, long rotational periods are common inwhite dwarfs but, although predicted, dipolar radio emission from isolatedmagnetic white dwarfs has never been unambiguously observed. In this work, weinvestigate these long-period objects as potential isolated neutron-star orwhite-dwarf dipolar radio emitters and find that both scenarios posesignificant challenges to our understanding of radio emission via pairproduction in dipolar magnetospheres. We also perform population-synthesissimulations based on dipolar spin-down in both pictures, assuming differentinitial-period distributions, masses, radii, beaming fractions, andmagnetic-field prescriptions, to assess their impact on the ultra-long pulsarpopulation. In the neutron-star scenario, we do not expect a large number ofultra-long period pulsars under any physically motivated (or even extreme)assumptions for the period evolution. On the other hand, in the white-dwarfscenario, we can easily accommodate a large population of long-period radioemitters. However, no mechanism can easily explain the production of suchbright coherent radio emission in either scenarios.

Long-period radio pulsars: population study in the neutron star and white dwarf rotating dipole scenarios