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This paper investigates the historical origin and ancestors of typicality,which is now a central concept in Boltzmannian Statistical Mechanics andBohmian Mechanics. Although Ludwig Boltzmann did not use the word typicality,its main idea, namely, that something happens almost always or is valid foralmost all cases, plays a crucial role for his explanation of how thermodynamicsystems approach equilibrium. At the beginning of the 20th century, the focuson almost always or almost everywhere was fruitful for developing measuretheory and probability theory. It was apparently Hugh Everett III who firstmentioned typicality in physics in 1957 while searching for a justification ofthe Born rule in his interpretation of quantum mechanics. The historicallyclosest concept before these developments is moral certainty, which wasinvented by the medieval French theologian Jean Gerson, and it became astandard concept at least until the Age of Enlightenment, when Jakob Bernoulliproved the Law of Large numbers.

The History of Moral Certainty as the Pre-History of Typicality