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A biophysical issue how the nuclear size dynamically scales with the cellularsize remains mysterious. We develop a theoretical framework in which theinteractions between polydisperse biomolecules and the mechanical elasticity ofthe cell are precisely integrated to investigate dynamics of thenuclear-to-cellular volume ratio (N/C ratio). We surprisingly find that the N/Cratio varies nonmonotonically with time, instead of maintaining a constant asnormally known, during a period of osmotic shocks. Combining simulations andanalytical argument, we identify that this nontrivial dynamics can bephenomenally predicted by the formed segregation configurations in theconcentrations of the biomolecules, and essentially, all these observedphenomena can be further rationalized by the resultant of the excluded volumeinteractions between the polydisperse biomolecules and the spatial constraintfrom the nuclear envelope upon the macromolecule diffusions. Our results agreewell with the published experiments for the cellular and nuclear size controlsof the protoplasts.

Osmotically Driven Nonmonotonic Dynamics of Nuclear-to-Cellular Volume Ratio