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Heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} \sim 10$ GeV probe the QCDphase diagram at large baryon densities. Because the longitudinal Lorentzcontraction is small at these collision energies, understanding the dynamicsduring the early phase of the collision is essential for the subsequentmodeling of the system evolution and for constraining the QGP transportproperties at finite baryon densities. Direct photons provide undistortedinformation on early-stage dynamics. We model relativistic heavy-ion collisionsat RHIC Beam Energy Scan energies with a hybrid dynamical approach consistingof a 3D-Glauber initial state followed by viscous hydrodynamics and hadronictransport (MUSIC + UrQMD). The implemented thermal photon emission takes intoaccount the enhancement from finite baryon chemical potentials. We show thatdirect photon spectra and their anisotropic flow coefficients have a strongsensitivity to the early stage of heavy-ion collisions. Thus, they provideconstraints on QGP dynamics complementary to those obtained from hadronicobservables.

Illuminating early-stage dynamics of heavy-ion collisions through photons at RHIC BES energies