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Relaxation oscillator-based circuits are widely used for interfacing variousresistive and capacitive sensors. The electrical equivalent of most resistiveand capacitive sensors is represented using a parallel combination of resistorand capacitor. The relaxation oscillator-based circuits are not suitable forparallel R-C sensors. In this paper, we propose a modified circuit for parallelR-C sensors. The proposed relaxation oscillator-based circuit is based on adual-slope and charge transfer technique to measure the resistance andcapacitance of parallel R-C sensors separately. In addition, the paper providesa detailed analysis and design considerations for the oscillator design bytaking into account the various sources of non-idealities. A method to reducethe error by using single-cycle averaging is also introduced. To verify theanalyzed design criteria, the circuit is tested with multiple operationalamplifiers with different non-idealities. Experimental results verify theperformance of the proposed circuit. The circuit is tested for a range from 10pF to 42 pF and 100 k$\Omega$ to 1 M$\Omega$ for parallel R-C sensors with anerror of less than 1.5\%. The circuit is tested with a fabricated water-levelsensor. The result confirms the efficacy of the proposed circuit.

Design Analysis and Experimental Validation of Relaxation Oscillator-Based Circuit for R-C Sensors