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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that the numberof bicyclist fatalities has increased by more than 35% since 2010. One of themain reasons associated with cyclists' crashes is the adverse effect of highcognitive load due to distractions. However, very limited studies haveevaluated the impact of secondary tasks on cognitive distraction duringcycling. This study leverages an Immersive Virtual Environment (IVE) simulationenvironment to explore the effect of secondary tasks on cyclists' cognitivedistraction through evaluating their behavioral and physiological responses.Specifically, by recruiting 75 participants, this study explores the effect oflistening to music versus talking on the phone as a standardized secondarytasks on participants' behavior (i.e., speed, lane position, input power, headmovement) as well as, physiological responses including participants' heartrate variability and skin conductance metrics. Our results show that (1)listening to high-tempo music can lead to a significantly higher speed, a lowerstandard deviation of speed, and higher input power. Additionally, the trend ismore significant for cyclists who had a strong habit of daily music listening(> 4 hours/day). In the high cognitive workload situation (simulated hands-freephone talking), cyclists had a lower speed with less input power and less headmovement variation. Our results indicate that participants' HRV (HF, pnni-50)and EDA features (numbers of SCR peaks) are sensitive to cyclists' cognitiveload changes in the IVE simulator.

Unveiling the Impact of Cognitive Distraction on Cyclists Psycho-behavioral Responses in an Immersive Virtual Environment