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Low-carbon dispatchable power underpins a sustainable energy system,providing load balancing complementing wide-scale deployment of intermittentrenewable power. In this new context, fossil fuel-fired power plants must becoupled with a post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) process capable of highlytransient operation. To tackle design and operational challengessimultaneously, we have developed a computational framework that integratesprocess design with techno-economic assessment. The backbone of this is ahigh-fidelity PCC mathematical model of a pressure-vacuum swing adsorptionprocess. We demonstrate that the cost-optimal design has limited processflexibility, challenging reactiveness to disturbances, such as those in theflue gas feed conditions. The results illustrate that flexibility can beintroduced by relaxing the CO$_2$ recovery constraint on the operation, albeitat the expense of the capture efficiency of the process. We discover thatadsorption-based processes can accommodate for significant flexibility andimproved performance with respect to the operational constraints on CO$_2$recovery and purity. The results herein demonstrate a trade-off between processeconomics and process operability, which must be effectively rationalised tointegrate CO$_2$ capture units in the design of low-carbon energy systems.

Operability-economics trade-offs in adsorption-based CO$_2$ capture process