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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being used for wireless communications insmart environments. However, the need for mobility, scalability of datatransmission over wide areas, and the required coverage area make UAVbeamforming essential for better coverage and user experience. To this end, wepropose a flexible beamforming approach to improve tethered UAV coveragequality and maximize the number of users experiencing the minimum required ratein any target environment. Our solution demonstrates a significant achievementin flexible beamforming in smart environments, including urban, suburban,dense, and high-rise urban. Furthermore, the beamforming gain is mainlyconcentrated in the target to improve the coverage area based on variousscenarios. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve asignificantly received flexible power beam that focuses the transmitted signaltowards the receiver and improves received power by reducing signal powerspread. In the case of no beamforming, signal power spreads out as distanceincreases, reducing the signal strength. Furthermore, our proposed solution issuitable for improving UAV coverage and reliability in smart and harshenvironments.

Flexible Beamforming in B5G for Improving Tethered UAV Coverage over Smart Environments