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Electromagnetic modes in the frequency range of 30-120MHz were observed inelectron cyclotron wave (ECW) steady state plasmas on the ENN XuanLong-50(EXL-50) spherical torus. These modes were found to have multiple bands offrequencies proportional to the Alfv\'en velocity. This indicates that theobserved mode frequencies satisfy the dispersion relation of whistler waves. Inaddition, suppression of the whistler waves by the synergistic effect of LowerHybrid Wave (LHW) and ECW was also observed. This suggests that the whistlerwaves were driven by temperature anisotropy of energetic electrons. These arethe first such observations (not runaway discharge) made in magneticallyconfined toroidal plasmas and may have important implications for studyingwave-particle interactions, RF wave current driver, and runaway electroncontrol in future fusion devices.

Observation of whistler wave instability driven by temperature anisotropy of energetic electrons on EXL-50 spherical torus