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Radio dynamic zones (RDZs) are geographical areas within which dedicatedspectrum resources are monitored and controlled to enable the development andtesting of new spectrum technologies. Real-time spectrum awareness within anRDZ is critical for preventing interference with nearby incumbent users of thespectrum. In this paper, we consider a 3D RDZ scenario and propose to useunmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with spectrum sensors to create andmaintain a 3D radio map of received signal power from different sources withinthe RDZ. In particular, we introduce a 3D Kriging interpolation technique thatuses realistic 3D correlation models of the signal power extracted fromextensive measurements carried out at the NSF AERPAW platform. Using C-Bandsignal measurements by a UAV at altitudes between 30 m-110 m, we first developrealistic propagation models on air-to-ground path loss, shadowing, spatialcorrelation, and semi-variogram, while taking into account the knowledge ofantenna radiation patterns and ground reflection. Subsequently, we generate a3D radio map of a signal source within the RDZ using the Kriging interpolationand evaluate its sensitivity to the number of measurements used and theirspatial distribution. Our results show that the proposed 3D Kriginginterpolation technique provides significantly better radio maps when comparedwith an approach that assumes perfect knowledge of path loss.

Kriging-Based 3-D Spectrum Awareness for Radio Dynamic Zones Using Aerial Spectrum Sensors