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David Bohm has often been considered unable to understand the meaning of thequantum revolution as well as its radical metaphysical implications. Similarly,his pilot-wave theory was negatively portrayed as an attempt to restore aclassical and deterministic Weltanschauung. Against this background, the aim ofthis paper is twofold: in the first place, it will be argued that theaccusations of dogmatism advanced by several eminent physicists contra Bohmshow a biased understanding of his works. Referring to this, two case studieswill be discussed: the Bohm-Pauli correspondence, and the difficultrelationship between the former and Leon Rosenfeld, a fervent supporter ofBohr's philosophy of complementarity. These examples indicate that theopposition to the pilot-wave approach was for the most part not based onscientific grounds. In the second place, I will reconstruct and analyze theevolution of Bohm's philosophical reflections about ontology, scientificrealism and pluralism studying private correspondences as well as his mainworks in the fifties culminated in the book "Causality and Chance in ModernPhysics". Underlining the originality of Bohm's thoughts, it will be concludedthat his perspective can be characterized as a form of internal realism.

Orthodox or Dissident? The Evolution of Bohm's Ontological Reflections in the 1950s