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The formation of Internal Transport Barrier (ITB) is studied in HL-2A plasmasby means of nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations. A new paradigm for the ITBformation is proposed in which different physics mechanisms play a differentrole depending on the ITB formation stage. In the early stage, fast ions,introduced by Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) ion system, are found to stabilizethe thermal-ion-driven instability by dilution, thus reducing the ion heatfluxes and finally triggering the ITB. Such dilution effects, however, play aminor role after the ITB is triggered as electromagnetic effects are dominantin the presence of established high pressure gradients. We define the conceptof ITB self-sustainment, as the low turbulence levels found within the fullyformed ITB are consequences of large scale zonal flows, which in turn are fedby a non-linear interplay with large scale high frequency electromagneticperturbations destabilized by the ITB itself.

A self-sustaining mechanism for Internal Transport Barrier formation in HL-2A tokamak plasmas