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A variety of living and non-living systems exhibit collective motion. Fromswarm robotics to bacterial swarms, and tissue wound healing to human crowds,examples of collective motion are highly diverse but all of them share thecommon necessary ingredient of moving and interacting agents. While collectivemotion has been extensively studied in non-proliferating systems, how theproliferation of constituent agents affects their collective behavior is notwell understood. Here, we focus on growing active agents as a model for cellsand study how the interplay between noise in their direction of movement andproliferation determines the overall spatial pattern of collective motion. Inthis agent-based model, motile cells possess the ability to adhere to eachother through cell-cell adhesion, grow in size and divide. Cell-cellinteractions influence not only the direction of cell movement but also cellgrowth through a force-dependent mechanical feedback process. We show thatnoise in the direction of a cell's motion has striking effects on the emergentspatial distribution of cell collectives and proliferation. While higher noisestrength leads to a random spatial distribution of cells, we also observeincreased cell proliferation. On the other hand, low noise strength leads to aring-like spatial distribution of cell collectives together with lowerproliferation. Our findings provide insight into how noise in the direction ofcell motion determines the local spatial organization of cells with consequentmechanical feedback on cell division impacting cell proliferation due to theformation of cell clusters.

Noise in the direction of motion determines the spatial distribution and proliferation of migrating cell collectives