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Terahertz (THz) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) enablessimultaneous data transmission with Terabit-per-second (Tbps) rate andmillimeter-level accurate sensing. To realize such a blueprint, ultra-massiveantenna arrays with directional beamforming are used to compensate for severepath loss in the THz band. In this paper, the time-frequency-space transmitdesign is investigated for THz ISAC to generate time-varying scanning sensingbeams and stable communication beams. Specifically, with the dynamicarray-of-subarray (DAoSA) hybrid beamforming architecture and multi-carriermodulation, two ISAC hybrid precoding algorithms are proposed, namely, avectorization (VEC) based algorithm that outperforms existing ISAC hybridprecoding methods and a low-complexity sensing codebook assisted (SCA)approach. Meanwhile, coupled with the transmit design, parameter estimationalgorithms are proposed to realize high-accuracy sensing, including a widebandDAoSA MUSIC (W-DAoSA-MUSIC) method for angle estimation and a sum-DFT-GSS(S-DFT-GSS) approach for range and velocity estimation. Numerical resultsindicate that the proposed algorithms can realize centi-degree-level angleestimation accuracy and millimeter-level range estimation accuracy, which areone or two orders of magnitudes better than the methods in the millimeter-waveband. In addition, to overcome the cyclic prefix limitation and Doppler effectsin the THz band, an inter-symbol interference- and inter-carrierinterference-tackled sensing algorithm is developed to refine sensingcapabilities for THz ISAC.

Time-Frequency-Space Transmit Design and Signal Processing with Dynamic Subarray for Terahertz Integrated Sensing and Communication