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The valorization of waste, by creating economic value while limitingenvironmental impact, can have an essential role in sustainable development.Particularly, polymeric waste such as biomass and plastics can be used for theproduction of green hydrogen as a carbon-free energy carrier through the use ofnonthermal plasma powered by renewable, potentially surplus, electricity. Inthis study, a Streamer Dielectric-Barrier Discharge (SDBD) reactor is designedand built to extract hydrogen and carbon co-products from cellulose andlow-density polyethylene (LDPE) as model feedstocks of biomass and plasticwaste, respectively. Spectroscopic and electrical diagnostics, together withmodeling, are used to estimate representative plasma properties, namelyelectron and excitation temperatures, number density, and power consumption.Cellulose and LDPE are plasma-treated for different treatment times tocharacterize the evolution of the hydrogen production process. Gas products areanalyzed using gas chromatography to determine the mean hydrogen productionrate, production efficiency, hydrogen yield, selectivity, and energy cost. Theresults show that the maximum hydrogen production efficiency for cellulose is0.8 mol/kWh, which is approximately double that for LDPE. Furthermore, theenergy cost of hydrogen production from cellulose is 600 kWh/kg of H2, halfthat of LDPE. Solid products are examined via scanning electron microscopy,revealing the distinct morphological structure of the two feedstocks treated,as well as by elemental composition analysis. The results demonstrate that SDBDplasma is effective at producing hydrogen from cellulose and LDPE at nearatmospheric pressure and relatively low-temperature conditions inrapid-response and compact processes.

Hydrogen from Cellulose and Low-density Polyethylene via Atmospheric Pressure Nonthermal Plasma