English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The earliest evidence on spatial distributions of solar energetic particles(SEPs) compared events from many different source longitudes on the Sun, butthe early Pioneers provided the first evidence of the large areas of equal SEPintensities across the magnetically-confined "reservoirs" late in the events.More-detailed measurements of the importance of self-generated waves andtrapping structures around the shock waves that accelerate SEPs were obtainedfrom the Helios mission plus IMP 8, especially during the year when the twoVoyager spacecraft also happened by. The extent of the dozen widest SEP eventsin a solar cycle, that effectively wrap around the Sun, was revealed by thewidely separated STEREO spacecraft with three-point intensities fit toGaussians. Element abundances of the broadest SEP events favor average coronalelement abundances with little evidence of heavy-element-enhanced "impulsivesuprathermal" ions that often dominate the seed population of the shocks, evenin extremely energetic local events. However, it is hard to define adistribution with two or three points. Advancing the physics of SEPs mayrequire a return to the closer spacing of the Helios era with coverage mappedby a half-dozen spacecraft to help disentangle the distribution of the SEPsfrom the underlying structure of the magnetic field and the accelerating shock.

Review and Outlook of Solar-Energetic-Particle Measurements on Multispacecraft Missions