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In the transportation sector, ammonia used as a power source plays asignificant role in the scenario of carbon neutralization. However, theengine-out emissions correlations of ammonia-diesel dual-fuel (DF) engines arestill unclear, especially the nitro-compounds of great concern and GHG. In thisstudy, the engine-out emissions are evaluated by using a four-cylinderammonia/diesel DF engine. Various operating conditions consisting of ammoniaenergy ratio (AER), engine load, and speed were carried out. Unburned NH3increases with raising ammonia content but decreases with increasing engineload and speed. The NO+NO2 tendency shows a non-linearity trend with increasingammonia content, while a trade-off correlation is linked to N2O. The N2Oemission of ammonia engine significantly weakens the beneficial effect of GHGreduction, the 30% and 50% decarbonization targets need at least 40% and 60%ammonia energy without regard to N2O effect, while at least 65% and 80% ammoniaenergy respectively with considering N2O. N2O presents a parabolic-liketendency with AERs. Advanced pilot-diesel injection timing helps to reduce bothNH3 and N2O, but this effect becomes insignificant as the AER is less than 0.4.A combustion strategy of the rapid heat release and ammonia-governed heatrelease respectively are revealed.

Nitro-compounds and GHG exhaust emissions of a pilot diesel-ignited ammonia dual-fuel engine under various operating conditions