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We study last-mile delivery problems where trucks and drones collaborate todeliver goods to final customers. In particular, we focus on problem settingswhere either a single truck or a fleet with several homogeneous trucks work inparallel to drones, and drones have the capability of collaborating fordelivering missions. This cooperative behaviour of the drones, which are ableto connect to each other and work together for some delivery tasks, enhancetheir potential, since connected drone has increased lifting capabilities andcan fly at higher speed, overcoming the main limitations of the setting wherethe drones can only work independently.  In this work, we contribute a Constraint Programming model and a validinequality for the version of the problem with one truck, namely the\emph{Parallel Drone Scheduling Traveling Salesman Problem with CollectiveDrones} and we introduce for the first time the variant with multiple trucks,called the \emph{Parallel Drone Scheduling Vehicle Routing Problem withCollective Drones}. For the latter variant, we propose two ConstraintProgramming models and a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model.  An extensive experimental campaign leads to state-of-the-art results for theproblem with one truck and some understanding of the presented models'behaviour on the version with multiple trucks. Some insights about futureresearch are finally discussed.

Parallel drone scheduling vehicle routing problems with collective drones