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A critical challenge in developing scalable error-corrected quantum systemsis the accumulation of errors while performing operations and measurements. Onepromising approach is to design a system where errors can be detected andconverted into erasures. Such a system utilizing erasure qubits are known tohave relaxed requirements for quantum error correction. A recent proposal aimsto do this using a dual-rail encoding with superconducting cavities. However,experimental characterization and demonstration of a dual-rail cavity qubit hasnot yet been realized. In this work, we implement such a dual-rail cavityqubit; we demonstrate a projective logical measurement with integrated erasuredetection and use it to measure dual-rail qubit idling errors. We measurelogical state preparation and measurement errors at the $0.01\%$-level anddetect over $99\%$ of cavity decay events as erasures. We use the precision ofthis new measurement protocol to distinguish different types of errors in thissystem, finding that while decay errors occur with probability $\sim 0.2\%$ permicrosecond, phase errors occur 6 times less frequently and bit flips occur atleast 140 times less frequently. These findings represent the firstconfirmation of the expected error hierarchy necessary to concatenate dual-railerasure qubits into a highly efficient erasure code.

Demonstrating a superconducting dual-rail cavity qubit with erasure-detected logical measurements