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Incomplete glottal closure is a laryngeal configuration wherein the glottisis not fully obstructed prior to phonation. In this work, we introduce anEuler-Bernoulli composite beam vocal fold (VF) model that producesqualitatively similar incomplete glottal closure patterns as those observed inexperimental and high-fidelity numerical studies, thus offering insights in tothe potential underlying physical mechanisms. Refined physiological insightsare pursued by incorporating the beam model into a VF posturing model thatembeds the five intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Analysis of the combined modelshows that co-activating the lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) and interarytenoid(IA) muscles without activating the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle results in abowed (convex) VF geometry with closure at the posterior margin only; this isprimarily attributed to the reactive moments at the anterior VF margin. Thisbowed pattern can also arise during VF compression (due to extrinsic laryngealmuscle activation for example), wherein the internal moment induced passivelyby the TA muscle tissue is the predominant mechanism. On the other hand,activating the TA muscle without incorporating other adductory muscles resultsin anterior and mid-membranous glottal closure, a concave VF geometry, and aposterior glottal opening driven by internal moments induced by TA muscleactivation. In the case of initial full glottal closure, the posteriorcricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle activation cancels the adductory effects of the LCAand IA muscles, resulting in a concave VF geometry and posterior glottalopening. Furthermore, certain maneuvers involving co-activation of alladductory muscles result in an hourglass glottal shape due to a reactive momentat the anterior VF margin and moderate internal moment induced by TA muscleactivation.

An Euler-Bernoulli-Type Beam Model of the Vocal Folds for Describing Curved and Incomplete Glottal Closure Patterns