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We report on a study exploring the design of nanoparticles that can enhancetheir laser refrigeration efficiency for applications in levitatedoptomechanics. In particular, we developed lanthanide-doped nanocrystals withan inert shell coating and compared their performance with bare nanocrystals.While optically levitated, we studied the refrigeration of both types ofnanoparticles while varying the pressure. We found that the core-shell designshows an improvement in the minimum final temperature: a fourth of thecore-shell nanoparticles showed a significant cooling compared to almost noneof the bare nanoparticles. Furthermore, we measured a core-shell nanoparticlecooling down to a temperature of 147 K at 26 mbar in the underdamped regime.Our study is a first step towards engineering nanoparticles that are suitablefor achieving absolute (centre-of-mass and internal temperature) cooling inlevitation, opening new avenues for force sensing and the realization ofmacroscopic quantum superpositions.

Inert shell coating for enhanced laser refrigeration of nanoparticles: application in levitated optomechanics