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The current framework for dark matter searches at beam dump and fixed targetexperiments relies on four benchmark models, the complex scalar, inelasticscalar, pseudo-Dirac and finally, Majorana DM models. While this approach hasso far been successful in the interpretation of the available data, it a prioriexcludes the possibility that DM is made of spin-1 particles -- a restrictionwhich is neither theoretically nor experimentally justified. In this work weextend the current landscape of sub-GeV DM models to a set of models for spin-1DM, including a family of simplified models (involving one DM candidate and onemediator -- the dark photon) and an ultraviolet complete model based on anon-abelian gauge group where DM is a spin-1 Strongly Interacting MassiveParticle. For each of these models, we calculate the DM relic density, theexpected number of signal events at beam dump experiments, the rate of energyinjection in the early universe thermal bath and in the Intergalactic Medium,as well as the helicity amplitudes for forward processes subject to the unitarybound. We then compare these predictions with experimental results from Planck,CMB surveys, IGM temperature observations, LSND, MiniBooNE, NA64, and BaBar andwith available projections from LDMX and Belle II. Through this comparison, weidentify the regions in the parameter space of the models considered in thiswork where DM is simultaneously thermally produced, compatible with presentobservations, and within reach at Belle II and LDMX. We find that thesimplified models are strongly constrained by current beam dump experiments andthe unitarity bound, and will thus be conclusively probed in the first stage ofLDMX data taking. We also find that the SIMP model explored in this workpredicts the observed DM abundance, is compatible with current observations andwithin reach at LDMX in a wide region of the parameter space.

Spin-1 Thermal Targets for Dark Matter Searches at Beam Dump and Fixed Target Experiments