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As Internet of Things (IoT) devices proliferate, sustainable methods forpowering them are becoming indispensable. The wireless provision of powerenables battery-free operation and is crucial for complying with weight andsize restrictions. For the energy harvesting components of these devices to besmall, a high operating frequency is necessary. In conjunction with anelectrically large antenna, the receivers may be located in the radiatingnear-field (Fresnel) region, e.g., in indoor scenarios. In this paper, wepropose a wireless power transfer system to ensure a reliable supply of powerto an arbitrary number of mobile, low-power, and single-antenna receivers,which are located in a three-dimensional cuboid room. To this end, we formulatea max-min optimisation problem to determine the optimal allocation of transmitpower among an infinite number of radiating elements of the system's transmitantenna array. Thereby, the optimal deployment, i.e, the set of transmitantenna positions that are allocated non-zero transmit power according to theoptimal allocation, is obtained implicitly. Generally, the set of transmitantenna positions corresponding to the optimal deployment has Lebesgue measurezero and the closure of the set has empty interior. Moreover, for aone-dimensional transmit antenna array, the set of transmit antenna positionsis proven to be finite. The proposed optimal solution is validated throughsimulation. Simulation results indicate that the optimal deployment requires afinite number of transmit antennas and depends on the geometry of theenvironment and the dimensionality of the transmit antenna array. Therobustness of the solution, which is obtained under a line-of-sight (LoS)assumption between the transmitter and receiver, is assessed in an isotropicscattering environment containing a strong LoS component.

Optimal Transmit Antenna Deployment and Power Allocation for Wireless Power Supply in an Indoor Space