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Sunspots have been observed for over four centuries and the magnetic natureof sunspot cycles has been known for about a century; however, some of itsunderlying physics still remain elusive. It is known that the solar magneticcycle involves a recycling of magnetic flux between the poloidal and toroidalcomponents of the magnetic field, that manifests as the solar dipole andsunspots, respectively. Here we report the discovery of a new relationshipbetween the rise rate of the sunspot cycle and the decay rate of the solar(axial) dipole moment. This provides an extension to the Waldmeier effect insunspot cycles and points to the existence of a causal connection between theaforementioned physical quantities, which can be succinctly stated as the decayrate of the Sun's dipole moment is related to the rate of rise of the followingsunspot cycle. We demonstrate how one may take advantage of this newrelationship to predict the timing of the sunspot cycle. Our analysis indicatessolar cycle 25 is expected to be a weak-moderate cycle, peaking in$2024.00_{-0.49}^{+0.68}$.

Discovery of a relation between the decay rate of the Sun's magnetic  dipole and the growth rate of the following sunspot cycle: a new precursor  for solar cycle prediction