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Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) is a group of techniques used to measurethe dynamics of a scattering medium in a non-invasive manner. DWS methods relyon detecting the speckle light field from the moving scattering media andmeasuring the speckle decorrelation time to quantify the scattering mediumsdynamics. For DWS, the signal-to-noise (SNR) is determined by the ratio betweenmeasured decorrelation time to the standard error of the measurement. This SNRis often low in certain applications because of high noise variances and lowsignal intensity, especially in biological applications with restrictedexposure and emission levels. To address this photon-limited signal-to-noiseratio problem, we investigated, theoretically and experimentally, the SNR of aninterferometric speckle visibility spectroscopy (iSVS) compared to moretraditional DWS methods. We found that iSVS can provide excellent SNRperformance through its ability to overcome camera noise. We also proved iSVSsystem has more relaxed constraints on the reference beam properties than mostother interferometric systems. For an iSVS to function properly, we simplyrequire the reference beam to exhibit local temporal stability, while incidentangle, reference phase, and intensity uniformity do not need to be constrained.This flexibility can potentially enable more unconventional iSVS implementationschemes.

Interferometric speckle visibility spectroscopy (iSVS) for measuring  decorrelation time and dynamics of moving samples with enhanced  signal-to-noise ratio and relaxed reference requirements