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Quantum computing has emerged as a promising field with the potential torevolutionize various domains by harnessing the principles of quantummechanics. As quantum hardware and algorithms continue to advance, thedevelopment of high-quality quantum software has become crucial. However,testing quantum programs poses unique challenges due to the distinctivecharacteristics of quantum systems and the complexity of multi-subroutineprograms. In this paper, we address the specific testing requirements ofmulti-subroutine quantum programs. We begin by investigating criticalproperties through a survey of existing quantum libraries, providing insightsinto the challenges associated with testing these programs. Building upon thisunderstanding, we present a systematic testing process tailored to theintricacies of quantum programming. The process covers unit testing andintegration testing, with a focus on aspects such as IO analysis, quantumrelation checking, structural testing, behavior testing, and test casegeneration. We also introduce novel testing principles and criteria to guidethe testing process. To evaluate our proposed approach, we conductcomprehensive testing on typical quantum subroutines, including diversemutations and randomized inputs. The analysis of failures provides valuableinsights into the effectiveness of our testing methodology. Additionally, wepresent case studies on representative multi-subroutine quantum programs,demonstrating the practical application and effectiveness of our proposedtesting processes, principles, and criteria.

Testing Multi-Subroutine Quantum Programs: From Unit Testing to Integration Testing