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Blockchain's influence extends beyond finance, impacting diverse sectors suchas real estate, oil and gas, and education. This extensive reach stems fromblockchain's intrinsic ability to reliably manage digital transactions andsupply chains. Within the oil and gas sector, the merger of blockchain withsupply chain management and data handling is a notable trend. The supply chainencompasses several operations: extraction, transportation, trading, anddistribution of resources. Unfortunately, the current supply chain structuremisses critical features such as transparency, traceability, flexible trading,and secure data storage - all of which blockchain can provide. Nevertheless, itis essential to investigate blockchain's security and privacy in the oil andgas industry. Such scrutiny enables the smooth, secure, and usable execution oftransactions. For this purpose, we reviewed 124 peer-reviewed academicpublications, conducting an in-depth analysis of 21 among them. We classifiedthe articles by their relevance to various phases of the supply chain flow:upstream, midstream, downstream, and data management. Despite blockchain'spotential to address existing security and privacy voids in the supply chain,there is a significant lack of practical implementation of blockchainintegration in oil and gas operations. This deficiency substantially challengesthe transition from conventional methods to a blockchain-centric approach.

Blockchain in Oil and Gas Supply Chain: A Literature Review from User Security and Privacy Perspective