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The morphological evolution of nanoporous gold is generally believed to begoverned by surface diffusion. This work specifically explores the dependenceof mass transport by surface diffusion on the curvature of a gold surface. Thesurface diffusivity is estimated by molecular dynamics simulations for avariety of surfaces of constant mean curvature, eliminating any chemicalpotential gradients and allowing the possible dependence of the surfacediffusivity on mean curvature to be isolated. The apparent surface diffusivityis found to have an activation energy of ~0.74 eV with a weak dependence oncurvature, but is consistent with the values reported in the literature. Theapparent concentration of mobile surface atoms is found to be highly variable,having an Arrhenius dependence on temperature with an activation energy thatalso has a weak curvature dependence. These activation energies depend oncurvature in such a way that the rate of mass transport by surface diffusion isnearly independent of curvature, but with a higher activation energy of ~1.01eV. The curvature dependencies of the apparent surface diffusivity andconcentration of mobile surface atoms is believed to be related to the expectedlifetime of a mobile surface atom, and has the practical consequence that asimulation study that does not account for this finite lifetime couldunderestimate the activation energy for mass transport via surface diffusion by~0.27 eV.

Simulated surface diffusion in nanoporous gold and its dependence on surface curvature