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Spin textures, i.e., the distribution of spin polarization vectors inreciprocal space, exhibit diverse patterns determined by symmetry constraints,resulting in a variety of spintronic phenomena. Here, we propose a universaltheory to comprehensively describe the nature of spin textures by incorporatingthree symmetry flavors of reciprocal wavevector, atomic orbital and atomicsite. Such approach enables us to establish a complete classification of spintextures constrained by the little co-group and predict unprecedentedlyreported spin texture types, such as Zeeman-type spin splitting inantiferromagnets and quadratic spin texture. To examine the impact of atomicorbitals and sites, we predict orbital-dependent spin texture and anisotropicspin-momentum-site locking effects and corresponding material candidatesvalidated through first-principles calculations. Our theory not only covers allpossible spin textures in crystal solids described by magnetic space groups,but also introduces new possibilities for designing innovative spin textures bythe coupling of multiple degrees of freedom.

Universal theory of spin-momentum-orbital-site locking