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Phase retardation is a cornerstone of modern optics, yet, at mid-infrared(mid-IR) frequencies, it remains a major challenge due to the scarcity ofsimultaneously transparent and birefringent crystals. Most materials resonantlyabsorb due to lattice vibrations occurring at mid-IR frequencies, and naturalbirefringence is weak, calling for hundreds of microns to millimeters-thickphase retarders for sufficient polarization rotation. We demonstrate mid-IRphase retardation with flakes of $\alpha$-molybdenum trioxide($\alpha$-MoO$_3$) that are more than ten times thinner than the operationalwavelength, achieving 90 degrees polarization rotation within one micrometer ofmaterial. We report conversion ratios above 50% in reflection and transmissionmode, and wavelength tunability by several micrometers. Our results showcasethat exfoliated flakes of low-dimensional crystals can serve as a platform formid-IR miniaturized integrated polarization control.

Deep-subwavelength Phase Retarders at Mid-Infrared Frequencies with van der Waals Flakes