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We investigated the dynamics of highly turbulent thermally driven anabatic(upslope) flow on a physical model inside a large water tank using particleimage velocimetry (PIV) and a thermocouple grid. The results showed that theflow exhibited pronounced variations in velocity and temperature and,importantly, could not be accurately modeled as a two-dimensional quasi-steadyflow. Five significant findings are presented to underscore thethree-dimensional nature of the flow. Namely, the B-shaped mean velocityprofiles, B-shaped turbulent flux profiles, synthetic streaks that revealedparticles flowing perpendicular to the laser sheet, average vorticity mapsrevealing helical structure splitting, and identified vortices shooting awayfrom the boundary towards the apex plume. Collectively, these findings offernovel insights into the flow behavior patterns of thermally driven complexterrain flows, which influence local weather and microclimates and areresponsible for scalar transport, e.g., pollution.

Laboratory investigation of nominally two-dimensional anabatic flow on symmetric double slopes