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Astronomical precision spectroscopy underpins searches for life beyond Earth,direct observation of the expanding Universe and constraining the potentialvariability of physical constants across cosmological scales. Laser frequencycombs can provide the critically required accurate and precise calibration tothe astronomical spectrographs. For cosmological studies, extending thecalibration with such astrocombs to the ultraviolet spectral range is highlydesirable, however, strong material dispersion and large spectral separationfrom the established infrared laser oscillators have made this exceedinglychallenging. Here, we demonstrate for the first time astronomical spectrographcalibrations with an astrocomb in the ultraviolet spectral range below 400 nm.This is accomplished via chip-integrated highly nonlinear photonics inperiodically-poled, nano-fabricated lithium niobate waveguides in conjunctionwith a robust infrared electro-optic comb generator, as well as achip-integrated microresonator comb. These results demonstrate a viable routetowards astronomical precision spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and maycontribute to unlocking the full potential of next generation ground- andfuture space-based astronomical instruments.

Ultraviolet astronomical spectrograph calibration with laser frequency combs from nanophotonic waveguides