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We perform the first global quantum chromodynamics (QCD) analysis of dihadronproduction for a comprehensive set of data in electron-positron annihilation,semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, and proton-proton collisions, fromwhich we extract simultaneously the transversity distributions of the nucleonand $\pi^+\pi^-$ dihadron fragmentation functions. We incorporate in our fitsknown theoretical constraints on transversity, namely, its small-$x$ asymptoticbehavior and the Soffer bound. We furthermore show that lattice-QCD results forthe tensor charges can be successfully included in the analysis. This resolvesthe previously reported incompatibility between the tensor charges extractedfrom dihadron production data and lattice QCD. We also find agreement withresults for the transversity and tensor charges obtained from measurements onsingle-hadron production. Overall, our work demonstrates for the first time theuniversal nature of all available information for the transversitydistributions and the tensor charges of the nucleon.

Transversity distributions and tensor charges of the nucleon: extraction from dihadron production and their universal nature