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Superoscillations are a phenomenon where a band-limited wave may locallyoscillate faster than its highest Fourier component. They are a product ofdestructive interference between the wave's constituent harmonics. In thisarticle, we demonstrate that superoscillations enable a new functionality inlinear optical sensing -- the 100-fold enhancement in the optical contrast ofthe terahertz wave passing through two similar samples. To achieve thisenhancement, we optimize the optical contrast in the time domain in a shortobservation window by varying the relative phases between the fundamentalharmonics that make up the input terahertz wave. We find that the contrast ismaximized when the wave intensity is minimized locally within the observationwindow, which naturally leads to the emergence of the superoscillations. Weobserve the 100-fold contrast enhancement both in our numerical simulationswith Gaussian time-domain harmonics and in our experimental realization withnarrow-band quasi-sinusoidal terahertz harmonics. Our results will haveprofound influence on terahertz sensing and imaging applications in medicine,pharmaceuticals, stand-off hazard detection, and nondestructive evaluation.

Super-sensing: 100-Fold enhancement in THz time-domain spectroscopy contrast via superoscillating waveform shaping