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We report a study on the growth of NiBi3 nanowires and nanorods during thepreparation of superconducting NiBi3 films by co-evaporation of Ni and Bi. Wefind that NiBi3 films grown via co-evaporation of Ni and Bi metals achievehigher transition temperatures (4.4 K) compared even to the single crystalNiBi3. However, in certain parameter space, the film surfaces were spatteredwith nanoscale features, such as nanowires and nanorods. Ambient temperaturedeposition resulted in polycrystalline NiBi3 nanorods which were controllablewith the evaporation rate of Bi. Deposition at elevated temperatures promotedthe emergence of long single crystalline NiBi3 nanorods. High resolutiontransmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed the crystallinebehaviour of the nanorods. We believe that NiBi3 nanowires form in a processanalogous to the well known vapor-liquid-solid process, as we observe anamorphous Bi cap on the nanorods. From glancing angle X-ray diffractionmeasurements we identify that the presence of trigonal Bi with hexagonalprimitive cell in the film promotes the nucleation of nanorods. Electricaltransport on a single NiBi3 nanowire shows a superconducting transition of4.3K.

Bismuth Phase Dependent Growth of Superconducting NiBi3 Nanorods