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Pipelining is a design technique for logical circuits that allows for higherthroughput than circuits in which multiple computations are fed through thesystem one after the other. It allows for much faster computation thanarchitectures in which inputs must pass through every layer of the circuitbefore the next computation can begin (phased chaining). We explore thehypothesis that these advantages may be offset by a higher error rate, logicalirreversibility and greater thermodynamic costs by simulating pipelinedmolecular mechanical circuits using an explicit physical model. We observe theemergent logical irreversibility, and see that the simultaneous action ofmultiple components indeed leads to a higher error rate than in phase-chainedcircuits. The thermodynamic costs of operating the gates are much larger thanin equivalent phase-chained circuits, and these costs do not appear to tend tozero in the limit of slow gate operation. Redesigning the gates to eliminateerrors and artificially enforcing logical reversibility reduces thethermodynamic costs and recovers thermodynamically reversible behaviour in thelimit of slow gate operation. The breakdown of logical reversibility andaccuracy are both associated with a breakdown of the digital behaviour of thedevice, likely contributing to thermodynamic costs that are large relative tothe scale of the information being processed.

Pipelined information flow in molecular mechanical circuits leads to increased error and irreversibility