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We investigated the critical dynamical scalarization and descalarization ofblack holes within the framework of the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theoryfeaturing higher-order coupling functions. Both the critical scalarization anddescalarization displayed first-order phase transitions. When examining thenonlinear dynamics near the threshold, we always observed critical solutionsthat are linearly unstable static scalarized black holes. The criticaldynamical scalarization and descalarization share certain similarities with thetype I critical gravitational collapse. However, their initial configurations,critical solutions, and final outcomes differ significantly. To provide furtherinsights into the dynamical results, we conducted a comparative analysisinvolving static solutions and perturbative analysis.

Type I critical dynamical scalarization and descalarization in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory