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Outflow boundaries play an important role in multiphase fluid dynamicssimulations that involve transition between liquid and vapor phases. Theseflows are dominated by low Weber numbers and a sharp jump in pressure,velocity, and temperature. Inadequate treatment of these jumps at the outletgenerates undesirable fluid disturbances that propagate upstream and lead toinstabilities within the computational domain. To mitigate these disturbances,we introduce a forcing term that can be applied to incompressible Navier-Stokesequations to enforce stability in the numerical solution. The forcing term actsas a damping mechanism to control vortices that are generated bydroplet/bubbles in multiphase flows, and is designed to be a generalformulation that can be coupled with a fixed pressure outflow boundarycondition to simulate a variety of multiphase flow problems. We demonstrate itsapplicability to simulate pool and flow boiling problems, where bubble-inducedvortices during evaporation and condensation present a challenge at theoutflow. Validation and verification cases are chosen to quantify accuracy andstability of the proposed method in comparison to established benchmarks andreference solutions, along with detailed performance analysis forthree-dimensional simulations on leadership supercomputing platforms.Computational experiments are performed using Flash-X, which is a composableopen-source software instrument designed for multiscale fluid dynamicssimulations on heterogeneous architectures.

A Vortex Damping Outflow Forcing for Multiphase Flows with Sharp Interfacial Jumps