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A fundamental difficulty of studying gas-liquid pipe flows is the predictionof the occurrence and characteristics of the slug flow regime, which plays acrucial role in the safety design of oil pipelines. Current empirical methodsand one-dimensional computational models only achieve limited success. While3-D numerical simulations are highly recommended, they have been very seldomused. We perform 3-D Lagrangian numerical simulations of gas-liquid pipe flows,and focus on the interfacial instabilities leading to slug formation. We adaptan existing multi-phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method based on aRiemann solver to achieve an efficient solver with no dependency on empiricalcorrelations. To realize the high inlet velocities of gas and liquid an in- andoutlet boundary condition is presented. The results are validated againstexisting experimental data, numerical simulations and analytical solutions.Multiple gas-liquid pipe flow patterns are predicted, namely, smoothstratified, stratified wavy, bubble flow, slug flow and bubble flow. Severalprinciple characteristics of slug flows, e.g., pressure gradient, slugdevelopment and slug frequency are analyzed.

Numerical simulation of two-phase slug flows in horizontal pipelines: A 3-D smoothed particle hydrodynamics application