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The Blood-Brain Barrier is the gatekeeper of the CNS. It effectively shieldsthe brain from blood-borne harm but simultaneously represents a significantchallenge for treating neurological diseases. Altering its permeability enablesincreasing the local drug concentration and thereby improving the therapeuticeffect. Although permeability increase is achieved by raised tissuetemperature, the determination of the thermal dosage suffers from imprecisethermometry during hyperthermia application. Knowledge of the thermal dosage iscrucial for improving hyperthermia related interventions of the CNS. Here weshow an approach to determine the thermal threshold for localized Blood-BrainBarrier disruption estimated by MR thermometry.  Methods: Using an IR laser ({\lambda} = 1470nm) we showed that highlylocalized Blood-Brain Barrier opening can be achieved with mild to moderatehyperthermia. Non-invasive MR thermometry has been used to determine thetemperature at the heating site. Blood-Brain Barrier opening has been monitoredby DCE-MRI in vivo and post mortem via Evan's Blue extravasation. Results: TheBlood-Brain Barrier permeability can be altered locally with minimal thermaldosages. Thus mild hyperthermia represents a promising approach to making thebrain accessible for therapeutic interventions.

Thermal threshold for localized Blood-Brain-Barrier disruption