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Collisionless shocks play a key role in the heliosphere at planetary bowshocks by governing the conversion of the upstream bulk kinetic energy of thesolar wind flow to other forms of energy in the downstream, including bulkplasma heat, acceleration of particles, and magnetic energy. Here we presentthe first observational identification of the velocity-space signature ofshock-drift acceleration of ions at a perpendicular collisionless shock,previously predicted using kinetic numerical simulations, using afield-particle correlation analysis of Magnetospheric Multiscale (\emph{MMS})observations of Earth's bow shock. Furthermore, by resolving the ionenergization rates as a function of particle velocity, the field-particlecorrelation technique facilitates a clean quantitative separation of theenergization rate of the reflected ions from that of the incoming ion beam,enabling a more complete characterization of the energy conversion at theshock.

MMS Observations of the Velocity-Space Signature of Shock-Drift Acceleration